PA2010 Plenary Presentations

1.Brian Culshaw

Presentation Title: Fibre Optic Systems for Gas Detection: Progress and Prospects

Abstract
Fibre optic based systems for gas detection facilitate extensive spatially multiplexed monitoring systems capable of operating over areas extending to many kilometers in dimensions.They can be based on one or two principles, namely direct absorption spectroscopy and optrodes based on intermediate chemistry.? In this paper we shall concentrate on the former which offer benefits in terms of selectivity and measurement reliability and are often adequately sensitive despite the relatively weak absorption lines which are typical within the near infrared wavelength range which is compatible with operation through fibres.
We shall explore the basic principles of these systems which are usually based upon semiconductor diode lasers.? We shall also demonstrate techniques through which precise spectral line width measurements may be realized, thereby facilitating temperature/pressure measurements in parallel with concentration monitoring.
Finally we shall present examples of potential and real and prospective applications with particular emphasis on safety systems and environmental monitoring.

Brief Bio:


Brian Culshaw graduated from University College London with a First Class Honours Degree in Physics in 1966 and a PhD in Electrical Engineering in 1970. He has held appointments at Cornell University (1970), Bell Northern Research, Ottawa, Canada (1971-1973), University College London (1974-1983), Stanford University (1982), and has been Professor of Electronics at Strathclyde University since September 1983 where he has set up the Optoelectronics Division within the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. He also served as Vice Dean of the Faculty of Engineering. Professor Culshaw was a founding director of OptoSci Ltd. which was established in 1994 with the primary objective of exploiting innovative optical technologies developed within Strathclyde University.
Professor Culshaw's research activities have centered on optical fiber sensor system and network studies and novel technologies for optical fiber instrumentation including pressure measurement systems, strain and temperature measuring systems, gyroscopes and structural assessment techniques. He has been involved in journal and book publishing in both editorial and author roles. He has served as a Director of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering based in Bellingham, Washington and was the 2007 President of the society. He has also acted as consultant to numerous industrial and government organizations including the role of company director. He has published in excess of 300 technical papers, several conference proceedings, 7 textbooks and a dozen patents.

2.Arthur Chiou

Presentation Title: Optical Tweezers Based Micro-rheology
Author List: Chia-Chun Chiang1, Yin-Quan Chen1, Pei-Wen Yen1, Steven M. T. Wei2, Yi-Chiao Huang1, Ju-Ye Chen1, Olivier Lavastre3, Husson Guillaume3, Darsy Guillaume3, & Arthur Chiou1, *
1National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
2Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
3Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
*aechiou@ym.edu.tw

Abstract
Most of the materials, in general, are neither purely elastic nor purely viscous; they exhibits both elastic property (revealing its capability to store mechanical energy) and viscous property (manifesting its characteristic to dissipate energy, often in the form of heat). The study of the complex viscoelastic property of matter is known as rheology. Macro-rheology, or synonymously, classical rheometry, for the measurement of the bulk-average viscoelastic property of a material via a conventional rheometer often expresses the results in terms of either the magnitude of the complex viscosity｜h*｜or both the real part (h’) which is related to the elastic property and the imaginary part (h”) which is related to the viscous property, both in the units of Pascal sec. (or poise; 1 poise = 0.1 Pa sec.), as a function of the shear rate. Likewise, micro-rheology allows us to probe the localized rheological properties of soft matter (often liquid) with one or more micron-size particles with a spatial resolution on the order of a few microns; the results are often expressed in terms of the complex modulus G* = G’ + i G” (where the real part G’ is the elastic modulus, and the imaginary part G” is the loss modulus), all in the unit of Pascal, as a function of angular frequency (w).
Micro-rheology can be broadly classified into the passive approach and the active approach. In the passive approach, known as particle tracking microrheology (PTM), the Brownian motion of one or more micron-size particles embedded in the sample medium are tracked and analyzed to deduce the viscoelastic property of the sample. In the active approach, the particle embedded in the sample medium is actively manipulated by an external force, and the dynamic response of the particle to the external force is measured to obtain the viscoelastic property of the sample solution.
The shear rate (in Macrorheology) and the angular frequency (in microrheology) play a similar role in probing the time response of the materials, or the property of the material at different time scale. For example, many liquid behaves more elastic than viscous (i.e., G’ > G”) at relatively slow time scale, and vice versa (i.e., G” > G’) at relatively fast time scale.
In this talk, I will give a very brief introduction and focus mainly on the active approach based on optical tweezers to trap and oscillate a micron-size particle embedded in the sample solution, where the amplitude and the relative phase of the oscillating particle are measured, and the viscoelastic properties of the sample solution (G’ and G” as a function of the oscillation frequency) are deduced. The methodology and the experimental results for different solutions, both from the literatures and from my own lab will be presented and a wide range of potential applications will be highlighted.

Brief Bio

Arthur Chiou received his Ph.D. in Applied Physics from California Institute of Technology.? He had been an Engineer at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), NASA, a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at IBM San Jose Research Lab, a Principal Investigator, a Senior Scientist and a Program Manager at Rockwell Science Center in the US, a Professor of the Electrical Engineering Department and the Dean of the College of Science and Engineering at the National Dong Hwa University in Hualien, Taiwan, and the Dean of the School of Biomedical Science and Engineering at the National Yang-Ming University (NYMU) in Taipei, Taiwan.? He is currently a Professor of the Institute of Biophotonics, and the Director of the Biophotonics Interdisciplinary Research Center at NYMU in Taipei, Taiwan.
Dr. Chiou’s recent research interest has been in the field of optical manipulation & sensing, and spectroscopic laser microscopy for biomedical applications. He has nearly 300 publications and presentations and holds two US patents (with 2 other pending) and one Taiwan patent (with 2 other pending).
Dr. Chiou has served the technical communities extensively, including SPIE Board of Directors, various SPIE committees, chairs and committee members of numerous conferences and symposiums. Dr. Chiou is a Fellow of SPIE, OSA, and Photonics Society of Chinese Americans. Dr. Chiou received the “Recognition of Innovative Technical Achievement” award from NASA in 1982 and SPIE’s 1989 Rudolph Kingslake Medal in 1990.

3.Ray T. Chen

Presentation Title: Integration and Function Enhancements of Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLCs) for Optical Communication
Ray T Chen
Nanophotonics and Optical Interconnects Research Lab
Microelectronics Research Center
The University of Texas, Austin
10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX, 78758
chen@ece.utexas.edu

Abstract
In this presentation, we review the status of monolithic and hybrid integration of planar lightwave circuits (PLCs).? Building blocks needed for system integration based on polymeric materials, III-V semiconductor materials, LiNbO3 and SOI on Silicon are summarized with pros and cons.? New photonic crystal based devices are also presented.? Due to the maturity of silicon CMOS technology, silicon becomes the platform of choice for optical application specific integrated circuits (OASICs).? However, the indirect bandgap of silicon makes the formation of electrically pumped silicon laser a remote plausibility which requires hybrid integration of laser sources made out of III-V compound semiconductors.? Noval applications using PLC for remote sensing, water pollution sensing and others will also be presented

Brief Bio

Ray Chen holds the Cullen Trust for Higher Education Endowed Professorship at UT Austin and the director of nanophotonics and optical interconnects research lab within the microelectronics research center. He is also the director of a newly formed AFOSR MURI-Center for Silicon Nanomembrane involving faculty from Stanford, UIUC, Rutgers and UT Austin. He received his BS degree in Physics from National Tsing-Hua University in 1980 in Taiwan and his MS degree in physics in 1983 and his PhD degree in Electrical Engineering in 1988, both from the University of California. He joined UT Austin as a faculty to start optical interconnect research program in the ECE Department in 1992.
His research work has been awarded with 99 research grants and contracts from such sponsors as DOD, NSF, DOE, NASA, the State of Texas, and private industry. The research topics are focused on three main subjects, (1) Nano-photonic passive and active devices for optical interconnect applications, (2) Polymer-based guided-wave optical interconnection and packaging, and (3) True time delay (TTD) wide band phased array antenna (PAA).
Chen’s group at UT Austin has reported its research findings in more than 540 published articles including over 80 invited papers. He has chaired or been a program committee member for more than 90 domestic and international conferences organized by IEEE, SPIE, OSA, and PSC. He has served as an editor, co-editor or coauthor for 22 books. Chen has also served as a consultant for various federal agencies and private companies and delivered numerous invited talks to professional societies. Dr. Chen is a Fellow of IEEE, OSA and SPIE. He received IEEE Teaching Award in 2008.

4.Willi Ulrich

Presentation Title: Modern optical system design: Holistic optimization of innovative design concepts
Willi Ulrich
Carl Zeiss AG, Corporate Research and Technology

Abstract
Optical lithography has followed Moore’s law? in an impressive way for about 45 years - computer performance? has been doubled every 18 months. This success story was made possible through a constant dialogue between optical designers and engineers about the potential of and need for new technologies and modern components in order to enable and transfer surprisingly new and disruptive design concepts into reality.
The extreme pressure exerted by Moore’s law on time to market for leading-edge systems with continuously increasing system complexity and functionalities has necessitated significant improvements to existing simulation tools and the development of new, dedicated simulation tools to ensure first time right development.
The race in optical lithography is still going on. Again, new technologies as well as great ideas for their effective are already available or will emerge in the future. At the same time, however, system complexity is constantly increasing, again demanding improved or new simulation tools. And this is valid not just for optical lithography but also for most other applications in the photonic industry.
The future will remain extremely exciting for optical designers, who will face major challenges to push the boundaries of optics and provide excellent and cost-effective solutions for the customer’s application needs. This challenge cannot be solved solely by ray tracing and spot optimization, but demands experienced and passionate lens designers using optimization and simulation tools, which take into account the whole imaging chain from the light source to the detector as well as the whole value chain of product development and the production process. And of course, all relevant physical-optical and opto-mechanical effects must be considered for this holistic optimization and simulation approach.

Brief Bio

Willie Ulrich received his engineer’s degree from the University for Applied Science Hamburg. In 1980 he joined the mathematical department for optical design at Carl Zeiss and has worked on various advanced optical design projects for several business units. Between 1997 and 2009 he was head of optical design for leading-edge microlithography systems at Carl Zeiss SMT AG. Since 2009 he is senior director of optical design in the corporate research & technology division at Carl Zeiss.

5.Index Guiding Microstructured Fibers and its Applications

Libo Yuan
Photonics Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001
Tel: 0451-82568213; Fax: 0451-82519850; Email: lbyuan@vip.sina.com

Abstract
The recent progress of refractive index guiding microstructured optical fibers such as multi-core fibers, multi-core PM fibers, and linear-core-array fibers has been proposed and demonstrated in this presentation. The index guiding microstructured fibers are different from the photonic crystal fiber or holey fiber. Its propagation characteristics are also depends on the totally reflective mechanism and guided the light by the higher refractive index waveguide. The fabrication techniques of this kind microstructured fiber are discussed. It could be used in varieties circumstances, for example, to make an in-fiber integrated 1×N beam splitter or combiner, to build an in-fiber integrated Michelson or Mach-Zehnder interferometer, to write two dimensional fiber Bragg grating. The sensor applications potential of the special designed microstructured fibers is illustrated.

Brief Bio

 

 

 

 

 

 

Libo Yuan is with the Department of Physics, School of Science, Harbin Engineering University (HEU), as a professor and director of Photonics Research Center. He received his Ph.D. (Photonics, 2003), M. Eng. (Communication & Electronic Systems, 1990) and B.S. (Physics, 1984), from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Harbin Shipbuilding Engineering Institute and Heilongjiang University, respectively. From 1984 to 1995, he worked in the Department of Physics, Harbin Shipbuilding Engineering Institute (HSEI), where he worked on fiber optics and established a light wave propagation theoretical model for tapered fiber. He worked as a Research Fellow in Smart Sensors and NDT Laboratory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA from 1995 to 1997. He developed white light fiber optic interferometers and demonstrated several multiplexing ways for fiber optic interferometric sensory. In April 1997, he joined the Harbin Engineering University as Professor of Physics. He established a fiber optic sensor laboratory and developed it into a key laboratory of Heilongjiang Province.
Professor Yuan’s general area of research is fiber optics, fiber-optic sensors and applications. He has led 28 projects as principle investigator, including 5 projects from National Natural Science Foundation of China. As chief supervisor, he has supervised many research students, including12 obtaining the Ph.D. degree and 36 receiving M. Eng. Degree in Photonics. He has authored and co-authored over 300 technical articles mainly in the area of fiber optics and fiber optic sensors, including 205 Journal papers and 97 conference papers. He holds 20 patents related to fiber optic technology and has published 5 books and 3 book chapters.